Background: Clavicular and scapular orientations vary between neck pain patients as do clinical features and responses (changes in pain and rotation range) to scapular repositioning. Associations between these factors are unknown. Objectives: To identify subgroups of neck pain patients based on three-dimensional (3D) measures of clavicular and scapular orientations and differences between subgroups in clinical characteristics and responses to scapular repositioning. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Eligible participants were recruited as part of a larger study.

The 3D clavicular and scapular orientations were analyzed on the more painful side of the neck using a hierarchical cluster analysis. Clinical characteristics were neck pain location, intensity, duration, disability and presence of headache. Responses to scapular repositioning were classified as “yes and no”. Results: Fifty-eight participants (29 responsive; 29 non-responsive to scapular repositioning) participated in the study. Analysis identified two distinct subgroups: subgroup1 had greater clavicular retraction and scapular downward rotation (n = 26) and subgroup2 had greater clavicular elevation and scapular internal rotation and anterior tilt (n = 32). Headache and dominant pain in the upper neck were more frequent in subgroup 1 while dominant pain in the lower neck was frequent in subgroup 2 (p < 0.01). Most participants who responded positively to scapular repositioning (88.5%) were in subgroup1 and most non-responsive participants (81.2%) in subgroup2. Conclusions: The 3D clavicular and scapular orientations identified two subgroups of neck pain patients. Participants with predominantly downward scapular rotation were distinguished by pain in the upper neck, presence of headache and a positive response to scapular repositioning.

Crop lifecycle management is important for crop care and maintenance throughout its life. The existing recommendation and expert systems do not provide advice for the entire crop lifecycle. However, each stage of the crop's lifecycle necessitates a different set of recommendations. As a result, this paper proposed a recommendation system based on sensor data and rule-based extraction from expert people to provide crop management advice throughout its lifecycle. The proposed system's rules are built around IF-THEN situations. The proposed system will analyze the data by searching for relationships between input data and rule-based using a PHP script to define the best recommendation for farmers. This proposed system was put into action in a greenhouse dome in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Farmers were overwhelmingly pleased with it, giving it a 96% satisfaction rating.

https://journalmodernpm.com/jmpm/article/view/JMPM02717